Science · Class 10
Control and Coordination
Nervous and hormonal coordination; reflex arc and endocrine glands.
4 sections15–25 min read6 MCQs · 2 examples
Chapter Overview
Organisms respond to stimuli via nervous and hormonal systems. Covers reflex arc, brain structure, plant hormones (tropisms), endocrine glands, and feedback regulation in humans.
Nervous System
- Neuron: dendrite → cell body → axon → synapse
- Reflex arc: receptor → sensory neuron → CNS → motor neuron → effector
- Brain: cerebrum (thinking), cerebellum (balance), medulla (involuntary)
Plant Hormones
- Auxin: cell elongation, phototropism
- Gibberellins: stem growth
- Cytokinins: cell division
- Abscisic acid: wilting, dormancy
Endocrine System
- Pituitary: master gland
- Thyroid: thyroxine — metabolism
- Adrenal: adrenaline — fight or flight
- Pancreas: insulin and glucagon — blood sugar
Solved Examples
Step-by-step solutions — read each step before checking the final answer.
Reflex action
Touch hot object — explain reflex.
- 1Receptor in skin detects heat
- 2Impulse via sensory neuron to spinal cord
- 3Motor neuron → muscle contracts — hand withdraws
- 4Brain informed later
Answer
Spinal reflex — fast, involuntary
Diabetes link
Role of insulin?
- 1Pancreas secretes insulin
- 2Lowers blood glucose
- 3Deficiency → diabetes mellitus
Answer
Insulin regulates blood sugar
Key Points to Remember
- ✓ Electrical impulse + chemical at synapse
- ✓ Phototropism: growth towards light (auxin)
- ✓ Adrenaline increases heart rate
Exam Tips
- • Draw reflex arc diagram
- • Tabulate plant hormones and functions
- • Know gland, hormone, function
Practice MCQs — Control and Coordination
Test your understanding with topic-wise multiple choice questions. Explanations appear after each answer.
Question 1 of 6Score: 0/0
Reflex arc centre is often: