Social Science · Class 8
Civics: Judiciary
Learn Civics: Judiciary with notes, examples, and practice questions.
4 sections15–25 min read6 MCQs · 2 examples
Chapter Overview
Judiciary interprets laws and protects Constitution. Structure includes Supreme Court, High Courts, district courts — with independence, judicial review, and PIL.
Structure
- Supreme Court — apex; Chief Justice + judges
- High Court in each state (some shared)
- District and subordinate courts
- Integrated judicial system
Independence
- Judges appointed by collegium/president process
- Difficult removal — impeachment
- Salaries charged on Consolidated Fund
- Separation from executive pressure
Powers
- Judicial review — strike down unconstitutional laws
- Writs: habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, quo warranto
- Public Interest Litigation (PIL) — access to justice
- Landmark cases protect rights
Solved Examples
Step-by-step solutions — read each step before checking the final answer.
Judicial review
What is judicial review?
- 1Courts examine if laws/actions match Constitution
- 2Can declare them invalid
Answer
Power to check constitutionality of laws and executive acts
PIL
How does PIL help poor?
- 1Anyone can file for public interest
- 2Courts take suo motu notice of violations
Answer
Cheap access to justice for rights violations
Key Points to Remember
- ✓ Independent judiciary guards democracy
- ✓ Supreme Court guardian of Constitution
- ✓ Writs protect Fundamental Rights
- ✓ PIL expanded justice access
Exam Tips
- • Name three writs
- • Why judicial independence matters
- • Levels of courts in India
Practice MCQs — Civics: Judiciary
Test your understanding with topic-wise multiple choice questions. Explanations appear after each answer.
Question 1 of 6Score: 0/0
Apex court of India: