Mathematics · Class 6
Ratio and Proportion
Equivalent ratios, unitary method, and sharing in a given ratio.
4 sections15–25 min read6 MCQs · 2 examples
Chapter Overview
Ratio compares two quantities of the same kind. Proportion states that two ratios are equal. Used in recipes, maps, scale drawings, and sharing quantities.
Ratio
- Ratio a : b = a/b (b ≠ 0)
- Must be same units (convert before comparing)
- Simplest form: divide by HCF
Proportion
Proportion
a : b = c : d means a/b = c/d
Cross product
a × d = b × c
Unitary Method
Find value of one unit first, then multiply for required units. If 5 pens cost ₹25, one pen costs ₹5, so 8 pens cost ₹40.
Solved Examples
Step-by-step solutions — read each step before checking the final answer.
Example 1: Simplify Ratio
Simplify ratio 24 : 36.
- 1HCF of 24 and 36 is 12
- 224÷12 : 36÷12
Answer
2 : 3
Example 2: Proportion
If 3 : x = 6 : 10, find x.
- 13/x = 6/10
- 2Cross multiply: 3×10 = 6x
- 330 = 6x
Answer
x = 5
Key Points to Remember
- ✓ Order matters in ratio — 2:3 ≠ 3:2
- ✓ Proportion has four terms: means and extremes
- ✓ Unitary method for price and quantity problems
Exam Tips
- • Convert to same units before forming ratio
- • Use cross multiplication for proportion
Practice MCQs — Ratio and Proportion
Test your understanding with topic-wise multiple choice questions. Explanations appear after each answer.
Question 1 of 6Score: 0/0
Ratio of 50 paise to ₹2 is: