English · Class 1
Alphabet and Phonics
Learn Alphabet and Phonics with notes, examples, and practice questions.
3 sections15–25 min read6 MCQs · 2 examples
Chapter Overview
Every word needs at least one vowel sound. 'C' can sound like /k/ (cat) or /s/ (city).
The English alphabet has 26 letters — 5 vowels (A, E, I, O, U) and 21 consonants. Phonics teaches how letters and letter combinations represent sounds, helping you read and spell new words confidently.
Letters and Sounds
- A–Z: capital and small letters
- Vowels: a, e, i, o, u — short and long sounds
- Consonants: all other letters; blends like bl, st, ch, sh
Phonics Skills
- Sound out each letter: c-a-t → cat
- Rhyming words share ending sounds: cat, hat, mat
- Sight words: the, is, and — read without sounding out
Solved Examples
Step-by-step solutions — read each step before checking the final answer.
Sound blending
Blend sounds to read: b + a + t
- 1Say /b/ + /a/ + /t/
- 2Blend smoothly: bat
Answer
bat
Find the vowel
How many vowels in 'elephant'?
- 1Letters: e-l-e-p-h-a-n-t
- 2Vowels: e, e, a
Answer
3 vowel letters (e, e, a)
Key Points to Remember
- ✓ 26 letters; 5 vowels
- ✓ Phonics links letters to sounds
- ✓ Practice capital and small letter formation
- ✓ Rhyming builds phonemic awareness
Exam Tips
- • Say sounds clearly when reading aloud
- • Match pictures to beginning sounds
- • Write both forms of each letter
Practice MCQs — Alphabet and Phonics
Test your understanding with topic-wise multiple choice questions. Explanations appear after each answer.
Question 1 of 6Score: 0/0
How many vowels are in the English alphabet?