Strings, Template Literals & Methods

Strings are text inside single quotes ' ', double quotes " ", or backticks ` ` for template literals.

String Basics

Strings are text inside single quotes ' ', double quotes " ", or backticks ` ` for template literals.

Real-life example: A string is a garland of letters — each character sits in order on the thread.

Three quote styles

const a = "Hello";
const b = 'World';
const c = `Hello ${b}`; // template literal
console.log(c); // "Hello World"

Backticks allow ${expression} inside strings — no messy + joining.

Real-life example: Filling a form letter — "Dear ${name}" auto-inserts the name instead of writing by hand.

Template literal

const name = "Asha";
const msg = `Welcome to Rishtaara, ${name}!`;
console.log(msg);

.length counts characters including spaces.

Real-life example: Counting beads on a necklace — each bead is one character.

length property

"hello".length;      // 5
"Rishtaara".length;  // 9

slice(start, end) cuts part of a string. substring is similar but handles negative indexes differently — prefer slice.

Real-life example: Cutting a piece of ribbon from meter 2 to meter 5.

slice

const text = "JavaScript";
console.log(text.slice(0, 4));  // "Java"
console.log(text.slice(4));     // "Script"

replace swaps text (first match only unless you use replaceAll). split breaks into an array. trim removes spaces from start and end.

Real-life example: replace — white-out one word. split — cut a sentence into words. trim — shave extra foam off a soap bar.

replace, split, trim

"hello world".replace("world", "JS");
"a,b,c".split(",");           // ["a", "b", "c"]
"  hello  ".trim();           // "hello"

includes checks if text contains a piece. toUpperCase and toLowerCase change letter case.

Real-life example: includes — search if a word exists in a paragraph. toUpperCase — shouting in ALL CAPS.

Strings are immutable — methods return a new string; they do not change the original.

Search and case

"Rishtaara".includes("Rish"); // true
"Hello".toUpperCase();          // "HELLO"
"Hello".toLowerCase();          // "hello"