Classes and Objects

Class design basics

Classes model objects with state and behavior. Use constructors for initialization and methods for operations on object state.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Course {
private:
    string title;
    int lessons;

public:
    Course(string t, int l) : title(t), lessons(l) {}

    void printInfo() const {
        cout << title << " has " << lessons << " lessons" << endl;
    }
};

Encapsulation best practices

• Keep fields private by default.
• Expose behavior with public methods.
• Mark methods const when they do not modify object state.