Ch 12 — Limits and Derivatives

Limits formalise approaching a value. Derivatives begin as the limit of [f(x+h)−f(x)]/h. NCERT builds intuition, standard limits, and first differentiation rules.

First calculus chapter in NCERT

Limits formalise approaching a value. Derivatives begin as the limit of [f(x+h)−f(x)]/h. NCERT builds intuition, standard limits, and first differentiation rules.

Algebra of limits: sum, product, quotient rules when limits exist.
Differentiate polynomials and basic trig from first principles in NCERT examples.
Continue deeper calculus in the Calculus: Complete Course after this chapter.

Read this alongside the official NCERT chapter: Limits and Derivatives — https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?kemh1=12-16 (full book index: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?kemh1=0-16).